| PVD and sputter deposition | Consumable source material installed in the cathode or target assembly | Round, rectangular and shaped WC targets; target blanks and machined parts | Cracking, arcing, local erosion, mounting stress and unstable surface condition | Review target chemistry, purity direction, density, geometry, backing method and equipment | Sintered blank, machined target, ground or lapped surface, bonded or unbonded part as agreed |
| HVOF, plasma and thermal spray | Feedstock deposited as a wear-, erosion- or corrosion-resistant coating | WC- and Cr3C2-based spray powders and selected feedstock blends | Poor flow, incomplete melting, decarburization, porosity and inconsistent coating response | Match spray process, equipment, substrate, chemistry, particle distribution and coating objective | Specified powder fraction, morphology direction, batch packaging and agreed inspection documents |
| PTA, flame spray-fuse and laser cladding | Deposited wear layer or localized hardfacing zone on the component surface | Cladding powders, cast or macrocrystalline carbide, matrix powders and hardfacing feedstock | Dilution, cracking, particle dissolution, uneven deposit and finishing allowance | Review substrate, heat input, process, matrix, carbide fraction, service wear and post-machining | Powder or carbide fraction, blended feedstock, tubular consumable or process-specific package |
| Coated and hardfaced finished components | Finished component whose working surface receives a selected coating or hardfacing route | Coated wear parts, hardfaced tools, sleeves, plates and drawing-based components | Coating detachment, interface damage, distortion, excess stock and missed final dimensions | Review substrate, coating route, masking, thickness direction, finish and acceptance criteria | Prepared substrate, coated semi-finished part, finish-machined component or inspected assembly |